منابع مشابه
Speciation: Down the bottleneck?
Experiments in which laboratory populations of fruitflies have been repeatedly passed through bottlenecks fail to support 'founder-effect' models of speciation.
متن کاملGetting through the bottleneck
The first positive trend is the slowing of global population growth. There is a significant shift in global fertility that will enable us at least to think about moving to a world of near stable populations within a century, maybe sooner. Fertility in about 40 per cent of the world’s countries is now below the replacement rate. Another 40 per cent are experiencing continued downward movement of...
متن کاملThe graph bottleneck identity
A matrix S = (sij) ∈ R n×n is said to determine a transitional measure for a digraph Γ on n vertices if for all i, j, k ∈ {1, . . . , n}, the transition inequality sij sjk ≤ sik sjj holds and reduces to the equality (called the graph bottleneck identity) if and only if every path in Γ from i to k contains j. We show that every positive transitional measure produces a distance by means of a loga...
متن کاملThe information bottleneck method
We define the relevant information in a signal x ∈ X as being the information that this signal provides about another signal y ∈ Y . Examples include the information that face images provide about the names of the people portrayed, or the information that speech sounds provide about the words spoken. Understanding the signal x requires more than just predicting y, it also requires specifying wh...
متن کاملThe bottleneck cycle
The bottleneck cycle refers to the iterative process of finding a performance bottleneck, eliminating it, and finding the next one. The goal is that eventually the bottleneck falls outside of your application’s performance requirements. This paper will present a case study to illustrate how using the principles of application performance testing enabled us to traverse our way through the bottle...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Current Biology
سال: 1995
ISSN: 0960-9822
DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(95)00198-9